Dementia is an organic brain disease caused by underlying diseases, such as brain tumors, environmental contaminants, or drug related factors. The goal of treatment of dementia is to control the symptoms, and treat any underlying disease if present, which can also be nutrition or hormone related. Treatment for reversible organic lesions such as tumors or drug related dementias may be reversible to some extent but not completely. Treatment for stroke related to dementia begins by minimizing the risk for further strokes, by using specific pharmacological agents used specifically to improve symptoms or delay the progression of dementia syndromes. However, thee are no treatments that can reverse the progression of Alzheimer’s disease, a progressive form of dementia that affects a significant number of the older population.
According to various reliable online sources, the symptoms of dementia may be treated with a combination of medications, psychotherapy, and environmental modifications to increase safety and comfort while decreasing agitation. For example, installing bed and bathroom rails where appropriate, lowering hot water temperatures, and placing child-proof latches on cabinets can reduce injuries significantly and keep patients safe. Pharmacological treatment of dementia is an effective intervention, but it can be complicated by forgetfulness, especially if a prescribed medication must be taken several times daily. Several behavioral approaches may also be used to reduce the frequency or severity of problem behaviors, such as aggression or socially inappropriate conduct, which may be reaction to frustration or over-stimulation. It helps the patient tremendously if there is a friend or family member close by that can help them relax and get re-oriented.
Two pharmacological treatments commonly prescribed for dementia and Alzheimer’s disease are Cognex and Aricept, which provide temporary relief in cognitive functions for a significant number of patients with mild to moderate symptoms. Other therapies such as smoking cessation, aspirin therapy, estrogen, and vitamin E are currently being evaluated for their ability to slow the rate of progression of the disease. Antidepressants are also used, in addition to several drugs that are currently being tested for use in the treatment of dementia, and their ability to slow the progress of Alzheimer’s disease. If psychotic symptoms are present, including paranoia, delusions, and hallucinations, treatment with antipsychotic medications such as, Haldol and Risperdal can be used in addition to other drug therapies. The goal of the treatment of dementia is to improve memory and concentration, reduce psychiatric problems, and improve the quality of life for both the patient and their families.
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