Since the 19th century, tourists have traveled to the frozen wilderness of the Arctic. They went by ship to see the extraordinary sights that explorers had written about. The region is more important to us than ever as remote and beautiful places are increasingly under threat from pollution and resource stripping. Arctic travel has grown in popularity in recent years. People want to get off the beaten track and have an adventure experience.
The early explorers were courageous people, venturing into the unknown. Today, the tourism industry for the area is well organized. It's also a destination for scientists and environmentalists. The military took an interest in the area too, as it occupied a strategic location during the Cold War.
Many fish, animals and birds inhabit the North Pole region, despite the severe winter conditions. Snowstorms and strong winds are common during the winter season and most tourism is only possible during the summer. Visitors may be fortunate in seeing polar bears, ptarmigan, Arctic Foxes, lemmings, Arctic Hare or a wolverine, which is a type of weasel. Cruises are a popular means of Arctic travel, particularly to Svalbard in Norway, Alaska, Arctic Canada and Greenland. Passengers may see Beluga Whales, narwhal and walruses as they sail. The Arctic also extends to Russia, Finland, Sweden and Iceland.
The increase in tourism is of concern to environmentalists who want to minimize the impact of humans. There is a school of thought however, that says that sustainable tourism can benefit the local people and their way of life. When embarking on Arctic travel, tourists are urged to book through tour operators that have an eco-tourism policy. It's important to follow guidelines that ensure that travelers are a positive force rather than a negative one.
Obviously, wildlife must be treated with respect and must not be imposed upon. Wild flowers and plants must not be collected. The indigenous people of the area must also be respected at all times and allowed to carry on their day to day activities. It is polite to ask their permission when wanting to take their photographs. When shopping, ensure that souvenirs are not the result of byproducts from protected species or artifacts.
Some native people to the area can gain from Arctic travel as it brings employment for them. Local jobs and local transportation benefit from visitors' patronage. Hiring a bicycle or sled instead of a car will lessen the environmental impact too. Buses or trains are preferred options for longer distance travel.
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